解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The effects of resource stoichiometry and growth rate on the elemental composition of biomass have been examined in a wide variety of organisms, but the interaction among these effects is often overlooked. To determine how growth rate and resource imbalance affect bacterial carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) sto...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1705
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyzing ecological data often requires modeling the autocorrelation created by spatial and temporal processes. Many seemingly disparate statistical methods used to account for autocorrelation can be expressed as regression models that include basis functions. Basis functions also enable ecologists to modify a wide r...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1674
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foraging theory posits that isolation from refuge habitat within a landscape increases perceived predation risk and, thus, suppresses the foraging behavior of prey species. However, these effects may depend fundamentally on resource availability, which could affect prey boldness and can change considerably through bot...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1668
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological impact of rapid environmental change will depend on the resistance of key ecosystems processes, which may be promoted by species that exert strong control over local environmental conditions. Recent theoretical work suggests that macrodetritivores increase the resistance of African savanna ecosystems to...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1658
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen and phosphorus frequently limit terrestrial plant production, but have a mixed record in regulating the abundance of terrestrial invertebrates. We contrasted four ways that Na could interact with an NP fertilizer to shape the plants and invertebrates of an inland prairie. We applied NP and Na to m2 plots in a...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1677
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mires (bogs and fens) are nutrient-limited peatland ecosystems, the vegetation of which is especially sensitive to nitrogen deposition and climate change. The role of mires in the global carbon cycle, and the delivery of different ecosystem services can be considerably altered by changes in the vegetation, which has a...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1627
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is still debated whether alien plants benefit from being mycorrhizal, or if engaging in the symbiosis constrains their establishment and spread in new regions. We analyzed the association between mycorrhizal status of alien plant species in Germany and their invasion success. We compared whether the representation ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1621
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body size and temperature are fundamental drivers of ecological processes because they determine metabolic rates at the individual level. Whether these drivers act independently on individual-level metabolic rates remains uncertain. Most studies of intraspecific scaling of unitary organisms must rely on preexisting di...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1624
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The forage maturation hypothesis (FMH) states that herbivores should follow the onset of growth in spring to obtain access to forage of higher quality and quantity, the so-called "green wave surfing." Several studies have found correlative evidence in support of this by associating animal movement with plant phenology...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1596
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding species differences in demographic strategies is a fundamental goal of ecology. In scleractinian corals, colony morphology is tightly linked with many demographic traits, such as size-specific growth and morality. Here we test how well morphology predicts the colony size-fecundity relationship in eight s...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1588
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is now ample evidence that biodiversity stabilizes aggregated ecosystem functions, such as primary production, in changing environments. In primary producer systems, this stabilizing effect is found to be driven by higher functional resistance (i.e., reduced changes in functions by environmental changes) rather ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1601
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct and indirect effects of predators are highly variable in complex communities, and understanding the sources of this variation is a research priority in community ecology. Recent evidence indicates that herbivore community structure is a primary determinant of predation strength and its cascading impacts on plan...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1571
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite important advances in the ecology of river food webs, the strength and nature of the connection between the meio- and macrofaunal components of the web are still debated. Some unresolved issues are the effects of the inclusion of meiofaunal links and their temporal variations on the overall river food web prop...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1553
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decades of ecological study have demonstrated the importance of top-down and bottom-up controls on food webs, yet few studies within this context have quantified the magnitude of energy and material fluxes at the whole-ecosystem scale. We examined top-down and bottom-up effects on food web fluxes using a field experim...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1530
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants respond to volatile cues emitted by damaged neighbors to increase their defenses against herbivores. We examined whether plants communicated more effectively with local neighbors than distant neighbors in a reciprocal experiment at two sites. Three branches on focal plants were incubated with air from (1) a con...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1573
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal pollinators mediate reproduction of many plant species. Foraging theory suggests that animal pollinators exhibit preferences for common plant species in natural communities (positive frequency-dependent foraging) and temporary single-species specialization (flower constancy) during foraging bouts. Positive freq...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1565
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global environmental change (GEC) is affecting species interactions and causing a rapid decline in biodiversity. In this study, I present a new Ecosystem Disruption Index to quantify the impacts of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (0, 10, 20, and 50 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 + 6-7 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 background) on abiotic and bi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1521
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological theory suggests that pathogens are capable of regulating or limiting host population dynamics, and this relationship has been empirically established in several settings. However, although studies of childhood diseases were integral to the development of disease ecology, few studies show population limitati...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1520
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging aquatic insects from streams are important food sources for riparian predators, yet their availability is seasonally limited. Spatial heterogeneity in stream water temperature was found to spatially desynchronize the emergence timing of aquatic insects, and prolong their flight period, potentially enhancing c...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1552
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive land use activities, such as agriculture, are a leading cause of biodiversity loss and can have lasting impacts on ecological systems. Yet, few studies have investigated how land-use legacies impact phylogenetic diversity (the total amount of evolutionary history in a community) or how restoration activities...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1443
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical approaches for the analyses of density dependence assume that all the individuals in a population equally respond and equally contribute to density dependence. However, in age-structured populations, individuals of different ages may differ in their responses to changes in population size and how they contri...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1442
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although canopy height has long been a focus of interest in ecology, it has remained difficult to study at large spatial scales. Recently, satellite-borne LiDAR equipment produced the first systematic high resolution maps of vegetation height worldwide. Here we show that this new resource reveals three marked modes in...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1470
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For example, two recent data meta-analyses have found that species richness is decreasing...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1759.1
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food webs of freshwater ecosystems can be subsidized by allochthonous resources. However, it is still unknown which environmental factors regulate the relative consumption of allochthonous resources in relation to autochthonous resources. Here, we evaluated the importance of allochthonous resources (litterfall) for th...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1432
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predictive classifications of life histories are essential for evolutionary ecology. While attempts to apply a single approach to all organisms may be overambitious, recent advances suggest that more narrow ordination schemes can be useful. However, these schemes mostly lack easily observable proxies of the position o...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1435
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bigeye tuna are known for remarkable daytime vertical migrations between deep water, where food is abundant but the water is cold, and the surface, where water is warm but food is relatively scarce. Here we investigate if these dive patterns can be explained by dynamic optimal foraging theory, where the tuna maximizes...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1130.1
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensif...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1985.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between predator and prey, or parasitoid and host, are shaped by trait- and density-mediated processes involving other community members. Parasitoids that lay their eggs in herbivorous insects locate their hosts through infochemicals such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and host-produced kair...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1300.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites can alter communities by reducing densities of keystone hosts, but few studies have examined how trait-mediated indirect effects of parasites can alter ecological communities. We test how trematode parasites (Microphallus spp.) that affect invasive crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) behavior alter how crayfish i...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1634.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In almost every ecosystem, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are the dominant terrestrial invertebrate group. Their functional value was highlighted by Wilson (1987) who famously declared that invertebrates are the "little things that run the world." However, while it is generally accepted that ants fulfil important func...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1713.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "landscape of fear" model, recently advanced in research on the non-lethal effects of carnivores on ungulates, predicts that prey will exhibit detectable antipredator behavior not only during risky times (i.e., predators in close proximity) but also in risky places (i.e., habitat where predators kill prey or tend ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0707.1
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are primarily generated by phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems, and can limit the growth, development, and reproduction of higher consumers. Among the most critical of the EFAs are highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are only produced by certain groups of phytoplankton. Changing ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0794.1
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predators play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, and understanding the factors that influence a predator's kill rate is central to predicting predator-prey dynamics. While prey density has a well-established effect on predation, it is increasingly apparent that predator density also can critically influence pr...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1535.1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduced parasites threaten native host species that lack effective defenses. Such parasites increase the risk of extinction, particularly in small host populations like those on islands. If some host species are tolerant to introduced parasites, this could amplify the risk of the parasite to vulnerable host species...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract. Immigration and local recruitment play a central role in determining the growth rate of breeding populations. Unraveling these processes in newly established pop- ulations is of great importance to increase our understanding of how species change their distributions in response to global change. We studied t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/14-2462.1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pollination and herbivory networks have mainly been studied separately, highlighting their distinct structural characteristics and the related processes and dynamics. However, most plants interact with both pollinators and herbivores, and there is evidence that both types of interaction affect each other. Here we inve...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0132.1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation is an essential feature of biological populations, yet much of ecological theory treats individuals as though they are identical. This simplifying assumption is often justified by the perception that variation among individuals does not have significant effects on the dynamics of whole populations. However, ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0914
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing evidence for the influence of plant intraspecific variation on associated multi-trophic communities, but the traits driving such effects are largely unknown. We conducted a field experiment with selected genetic lines of the dioecious shrub Baceharis salicifolia to investigate the effects of plant gro...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0444.1
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent theory predicts that stochastic dilution effects may result in species-rich communities with statistically independent species spatial distributions, even if the underlying ecological processes structuring the community are driven by deterministic niche differences. Stochastic dilution is a consequence of the s...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/14-2357.1
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selection of prey that are small and in poor body condition is a widespread phenomenon in terrestrial predator-prey systems and may benefit prey populations by removing substandard individuals. Similar selection is widely assumed to operate in aquatic systems. Indeed, size-selective predation is a longstanding and cen...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0564.1
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00